Taylor, who played 112 Tests, 236 ODIs and 102 T20Is for New Zealand between 2006 and 2022, becomes eligible through his mother's heritage and a Samoan passport.
His selection follows a three-year cooling-off period since his last international match for New Zealand, with rumours of his inclusion first emerging last month.
The nine-team qualifying tournament will run from 8-17 October, with the top two teams from each group advancing to a Super 6 stage. From there, the best three nations will claim spots at the World Cup in India and Sri Lanka early next year. Samoa have been drawn in Group C alongside Oman and Papua New Guinea.
"It's official - I'm proud to announce that I'll be pulling on the blue and representing Samoa in cricket," Taylor wrote on Instagram.
"This is more than just a return to the game I love - it's the huge honour to represent my heritage, culture, villages, and family. I'm excited for the opportunity to give back to the game, join the squad, and share my experience on and off the field."
Taylor's presence adds significant firepower to a squad that also features Auckland all-rounder Sean Solia, returning after seven years and six previous appearances for Samoa in 2018 regional qualifiers.
Guiding the side will be head coach Tarun Nethula, who represented New Zealand in five ODIs, supported by assistant coach Jeet Raval, the former Test opener who played 23 matches alongside Taylor.
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