After declaring on their overnight total of 448-5, a lead of 286, the Windies fared no better in the second innings with the bat as they were dismissed for a paltry 146 in the second session.
Having scored an unbeaten 104, Jadeja showed his allround star quality with figures of 4-54 in 13 overs while fellow seamer Mohammed Siraj took 3-31 in 11 overs.
Alick Athanaze top-scored for the Windies with 38 while Justin Greaves struck 25 but the Caribbean outfit only lasted 45.1 overs at the crease.
It was almost identical to the first innings of the Test when they were bowled out for 162 in 44.1 overs.
The West Indies will need to improve drastically to have hope of salvaging something from the series with the final Test set to start in Delhi next Friday.
India top-order batter Ishan Kishan has been ruled out of the second T20I in New Zealand due to a groin strain, with teenage star Vaibhav Sooryavanshi poised to return to the starting XI.
India earned their highest-ever T20I run chase when they successfully chalked off New Zealand's 225/4 with four wickets remaining in a run-soaked encounter in Christchurch on Thursday night.
Darren Sammy believes West Indies have taken a significant step forward after holding India to a 2-2 T20I series draw, with the head coach encouraged by the return of his team's confidence and trademark swagger.
Less than eight overs were bowled in the fifth and final T20I between India and West Indies as heavy rain fell in Bengaluru.
