Playing in only his second game, Bosch scored his maiden Test century (100 not out) - batting at number eight - and then took his first five-wicket haul (5-43) in the second innings as the Proteas cantered to a 328-run win at the Queen's Sports Club.
Bosch is the first Proteas player to score a hundred and bag a five-wicket haul in the same Test match since Kallis achieved the feat against Bangladesh in October 2002.
It has been a whirlwind start to his Test career for the 30-year-old, who scored an unbeaten 81 and took a wicket with his first ball on debut against Pakistan in December.
Bosch told the media: "It's super special. I haven't come to grips with it quite yet… but it's an honour to be mentioned in the same conversation as Jacques.
"I still need to pinch myself that everything is real. I pretty much have had a magical seven to 12-month period. I played some really, really good cricket, but I've surrounded myself with some fantastic people that have just guided me and pushed me, even when times were tough.
"I knew that eventually, when I get the opportunity, that I was going to try and grab it with both hands. Fortunately for me the rub of the green has gone my way thus far, and hopefully it may continue."
Bosch was part of the Proteas' squad but not the starting XI for the World Test Championship final victory against Australia at Lord's last month.
The Proteas have decided to rest a number of senior players for the series in Zimbabwe and Bosch has already taken his opportunity in the first Test to put pressure on the regulars.
He added: "I think we have a healthy competition in South Africa at the moment. I said to (head coach) Shuks (Conrad) that I'm going to make his job as hard as possible, whether it’s the bat and the ball.
"But we're in a fortunate position in South Africa that it's such a good and healthy competition that it forces the guys at the top to be at their game.
"I don't know where I stand in the pecking order, but it doesn't bother me If I represent my country. I just want to give it my best.
"If I'm on the side, I will support the guys to the end. So to me, I don't really focus on that."
Bosch will get another opportunity to perform in the second Test against Zimbabwe that gets underway at the same venue from Saturday.
Proteas stand-in captain Keshav Maharaj has been ruled out of the second Test against Zimbabwe due to a left groin strain with Wiaan Mulder set to take over the leadership reins.
Corbin Bosch picked up a maiden five-wicket haul as the Proteas wrapped up a mammoth 328-run victory in the second session of the fourth day of the first Test against Zimbabwe in Bulawayo.
Wiaan Mulder hit a career-best 147 as the Proteas were bowled out for 369 in the second innings to set Zimbabwe a mammoth target of 537 with two days remaining of the first Test in Bulawayo.
Lhuan-dre Pretorius became the youngest player to score a Test century for the Proteas to help the visitors recover from 55-4 to post 418-9 at stumps on day one against Zimbabwe in Bulawayo.
