The Proteas began the day on 247-6 following the late dismissal of Tony De Zorzi two balls before close of play on day one of the final series Test Match at the Barsapara Cricket Stadium in Guwahati.
Muthusamy and Kyle Verreynne put on a 70-run partnership before being stumped smartly by Rishabh Pant of the bowling of Ravindra Jadeja for disciplined 45 off 122 balls.
Marco Jansen came and began dominating the Indian attack alongside Muthusamy, who reached his maiden Test 100 in the 132nd over after taking a single off the bowling off Mohammed Siraj shortly before the tea break.
The South African eighth-wicket pair put on a 94-run partnership as they continued to take on the Indian bowlers, with Jansen scoring his fourth Test half-century off 53 balls as the Proteas before Muthusamy was bowled out by Mohammed Siraj for 109.
Jansen did not slow down, smashing seven sixes during his innings before dragging onto his stumps from Kuldeep Yadav for a well-played 93 off 91 balls to leave India behind by 489 runs.
India openers Yashasvi Jaiswal and KL Rahul cautiously navigated the opening spell from South African seamers Marco Jansen and Wiaan Mulder before bad light stopped play on day two with the home side on 9/0, 480-runs behind the visitors.
England captain Ben Stokes admitted his side were left "shellshocked" after Travis Head's blistering century powered Australia to an eight-wicket victory inside two days in the opening Ashes Test in Perth.
The Proteas will lament a few soft dismissals as they went to stumps on day one of the second and final Test against India on 247-6 as they chase a historic series victory.
Australia powered to an eight-wicket win against England in Perth, wrapping up the first Ashes Test inside two extraordinary days and moving 1-0 up in the five-match series.
Anrich Nortje has returned to the Proteas T20I squad for the series in India next month having last represented the national team in June 2024.
