Guardiola was cautioned after confronting fourth official Lewis Smith following a challenge by Kieran Trippier on City winger Jeremy Doku that went unpunished by referee Sam Barrott.
Under regulations introduced this season, Premier League managers receive a one-match suspension after accumulating three yellow cards, while a sixth caution results in a two-game ban.
As a result, Guardiola will be absent from the touchline for City's upcoming Premier League clash against West Ham United and their FA Cup quarter-final tie scheduled for the first weekend of April.
However, the Spaniard will still be able to take his place in the dugout for the EFL Cup Final on March 22, where City face Arsenal. Domestic cup finals are exempt from automatic touchline bans issued for the accumulation of cautions.
The booking came during a heated moment on the sideline when Guardiola reacted angrily after Doku appeared to be pulled back by Trippier, with the incident not resulting in a foul.
Speaking after the match, Guardiola responded to his suspension with a mixture of frustration and humour.
"I will tell you something - we have all the records in this country, all of them, despite everything," he said.
"We have the record of the manager with the most yellow cards. I want all records and now I have it. Two-game ban now and I will go on holidays the next two games."
Guardiola added that his reaction stemmed from a desire to defend his players.
"There are things after 10 years I cannot understand. Review the action. Of course I'm going to defend Doku and all my teams."
City still progressed in the FA Cup after securing a 3-1 win over Newcastle, with Omar Marmoush scoring twice to help seal their place in the quarter-finals.
Marco Silva has admitted Fulham endured a "very bad afternoon" after their shock FA Cup exit against Southampton on Sunday, but insisted team selection alone did not explain the defeat.
FC Barcelona midfielder Fermin Lopez has said the squad were in "good spirits" after their important La Liga victory and warned they must be ready for a demanding physical test against Newcastle United in the UEFA Champions League on Tuesday.
Mikel Arteta heaped praise on 16-year-olds Max Dowman and Marli Salmon after they helped Arsenal reach the FA Cup quarterfinals, describing their performances as “exceptional” and a sign of the pair's quality and personality.
Chelsea head coach Liam Rosenior defended his decision to heavily rotate his squad after his side needed extra time to beat Wrexham 4-2 and reach the FA Cup quarter-finals.
