The Dutch football association (KNVB) confirmed on Monday that both players were unavailable due to fitness concerns.
Van Dijk featured for the full 90 minutes in Liverpool's 3-1 Premier League victory over Crystal Palace on Sunday. The defender has played every minute of Liverpool's league campaign so far this season but will now miss the Netherlands' upcoming fixtures.
The 34-year-old was preparing for his next international appearances after earning his 100th cap in the Netherlands' 2-1 victory over Serbia in October.
Brobbey has also been ruled out despite featuring for Sunderland in their 1-0 win over Chelsea on Sunday.
The striker has struggled with injuries during the current Nations League campaign. He started the 1-1 draw against Germany in September but was forced off after just over 30 minutes.
He subsequently missed the Netherlands' following matches against Serbia and Greece.
No replacements have been called up for either player, leaving head coach Ronald Koeman with a 23-man squad for the final fixtures.
The Netherlands host Greece in Amsterdam on Friday before travelling to Berlin to face Germany on Monday as they look to finish their Nations League group campaign strongly.
Netherlands head coach Xavi Hernandez has expressed his respect for Ayoub Oufkir's decision to represent Morocco, despite the Dutch federation's attempts to convince the winger to remain with Oranje.
Bournemouth defender James Hill has received his first senior England call-up after being added to Thomas Tuchel's squad for the upcoming Nations League matches.
Chelsea have warned club employees about the risks of revealing confidential team information through Fantasy Premier League selections after Joao Pedro's quad injury was inadvertently exposed.
Alexis Mac Allister has challenged Liverpool to raise their performance levels when they return from the November international break, despite ending their Premier League campaign with a convincing 3-1 victory over Crystal Palace.
