The World Cup winner featured for 78 minutes of Argentina's 1-0 friendly victory against Venezuela at the Hard Rock Stadium in Miami on Sunday.
According to a statement from the Argentina national team's official X account, the feisty midfielder has been diagnosed with synovitis in his right knee following the clash.
The Argentine has returned to Cobham, but it is unclear what the extent of his injury is, adding further woes to a team that is already without a number of key players this season.
Chelsea are already without Andrey Santos, Cole Palmer, Liam Delap through various injuries, with Willian Estevao, Tosin Adarabioyo and Wesley Fofana also doubtful ahead of the next Premier League fixture against Nottingham Forest.
The 24-year-old club vice-captain has featured in ten matches under manager Enzo Maresca this season, impressing with three goals and an assist in all competitions.
Mikel Arteta has described Granit Xhaka as "one of the signings of the season" ahead of Arsenal's reunion with their former midfielder when they face Sunderland at the Stadium of Light on Saturday.
Strasbourg's on-loan defender Mamadou Sarr has chosen to represent Senegal at international level despite having represented multiple France youth teams.
Jadon Sancho's struggles deepened on Thursday night as the on-loan Manchester United winger failed to seize his opportunity in Aston Villa's 2-0 victory over Maccabi Tel Aviv.
Oliver Glasner has praised Crystal Palace's fighting spirit but admitted his side "still have plenty to improve" despite a commanding 3-1 home victory over AZ Alkmaar in the UEFA Conference League.
